项目准备

项目准备¶

环境准备¶

1. 测试环境搭建¶

1.1 服务器环境¶

环境类型	服务器配置	操作系统	备注
测试环境	CPU: 4核, 内存: 8GB, 硬盘: 100GB	CentOS 7.9	用于接口功能测试
性能测试环境	CPU: 8核, 内存: 16GB, 硬盘: 200GB	CentOS 7.9	用于性能压力测试
开发环境	CPU: 2核, 内存: 4GB, 硬盘: 50GB	Windows 10	用于开发调试

1.2 软件环境¶

软件名称	版本	安装方式	用途
Java	11.0.16	yum install	运行Spring Boot应用
Maven	3.8.6	源码编译	项目构建工具
Git	2.31.1	yum install	代码版本管理
Docker	20.10.17	yum install	容器化部署
Nginx	1.20.2	yum install	反向代理

1.3 数据库环境¶

数据库类型	版本	配置	用途
H2	2.1.214	内存数据库	开发测试
MySQL	8.0.30	主从复制	生产环境
Redis	6.2.7	单机模式	缓存服务

2. 测试工具准备¶

2.1 接口测试工具¶

工具名称	版本	安装方式	用途
Python	3.9.0	官网下载	测试脚本运行环境
pytest	7.0.0	pip install	测试框架
requests	2.28.0	pip install	HTTP请求库
allure-pytest	2.10.0	pip install	测试报告生成
pytest-html	3.1.1	pip install	HTML测试报告

2.2 性能测试工具¶

工具名称	版本	安装方式	用途
JMeter	5.5.0	官网下载	性能压力测试
Apache Bench	2.3	yum install	简单性能测试
wrk	4.2.0	源码编译	高性能压测工具

2.3 监控工具¶

工具名称	版本	安装方式	用途
Prometheus	2.40.0	官网下载	监控数据收集
Grafana	9.3.0	官网下载	监控数据可视化
ELK Stack	8.5.0	Docker部署	日志分析

3. 测试数据准备¶

3.1 基础测试数据¶

{
  "owners": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "firstName": "George",
      "lastName": "Davis",
      "address": "110 W. Liberty St.",
      "city": "Madison",
      "telephone": "6085551023"
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "firstName": "Betty",
      "lastName": "Davis",
      "address": "638 Cardinal Ave.",
      "city": "Sun Prairie",
      "telephone": "6085551749"
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "firstName": "Eduardo",
      "lastName": "Rodriquez",
      "address": "2693 Commerce St.",
      "city": "McFarland",
      "telephone": "6085558763"
    }
  ]
}

3.2 边界测试数据¶

{
  "boundary_data": {
    "max_length_name": "a".repeat(100),
    "min_length_name": "a",
    "special_characters": "@#$%^&*()",
    "unicode_characters": "测试数据",
    "empty_string": "",
    "null_value": null
  }
}

3.3 性能测试数据¶

{
  "performance_data": {
    "large_dataset": "1000条宠物主人记录",
    "concurrent_users": "100个并发用户",
    "request_frequency": "每秒1000次请求"
  }
}

4. 配置文件准备¶

4.1 测试配置文件¶

# config/test_config.yaml
test:
  base_url: "http://localhost:8080"
  timeout: 30
  retry_count: 3

database:
  host: "localhost"
  port: 3306
  username: "testuser"
  password: "testpass"
  database: "petclinic_test"

logging:
  level: "INFO"
  format: "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
  file: "logs/test.log"

4.2 环境变量配置¶

# .env
TEST_ENV=test
BASE_URL=http://localhost:8080
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=3306
DB_USERNAME=testuser
DB_PASSWORD=testpass
LOG_LEVEL=INFO

5. 测试脚本准备¶

5.1 项目结构¶

petclinic_api_test/
├── config/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── test_config.yaml
├── data/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── test_data.json
│   └── boundary_data.json
├── utils/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── api_client.py
│   ├── data_generator.py
│   └── report_generator.py
├── tests/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── test_owners_api.py
│   ├── test_performance.py
│   └── test_security.py
├── conftest.py
├── pytest.ini
├── requirements.txt
└── README.md

5.2 依赖文件¶

# requirements.txt
pytest==7.0.0
requests==2.28.0
allure-pytest==2.10.0
pytest-html==3.1.1
pytest-xdist==3.0.2
pytest-cov==4.0.0
faker==18.0.0
pyyaml==6.0
python-dotenv==1.0.0

5.3 测试配置¶

# pytest.ini
[tool:pytest]
testpaths = tests
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_*
addopts = 
    --html=reports/report.html
    --self-contained-html
    --alluredir=reports/allure-results
    --cov=utils
    --cov-report=html:reports/coverage
markers =
    smoke: 冒烟测试
    regression: 回归测试
    performance: 性能测试
    security: 安全测试

6. 部署脚本准备¶

6.1 Docker部署脚本¶

# Dockerfile
FROM openjdk:11-jre-slim

WORKDIR /app

COPY target/petclinic-*.jar app.jar

EXPOSE 8080

CMD ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]

6.2 部署脚本¶

#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh

echo "开始部署PetClinic应用..."

# 构建应用
mvn clean package -DskipTests

# 构建Docker镜像
docker build -t petclinic:latest .

# 停止旧容器
docker stop petclinic-app || true
docker rm petclinic-app || true

# 启动新容器
docker run -d \
  --name petclinic-app \
  -p 8080:8080 \
  -e SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=test \
  petclinic:latest

echo "部署完成！"

7. 监控配置准备¶

7.1 Prometheus配置¶

# prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'petclinic'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:8080']
    metrics_path: '/actuator/prometheus'

7.2 Grafana仪表板¶

{
  "dashboard": {
    "title": "PetClinic API监控",
    "panels": [
      {
        "title": "API响应时间",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "http_server_requests_seconds{application='petclinic'}"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "API请求数量",
        "type": "graph",
        "targets": [
          {
            "expr": "http_server_requests_total{application='petclinic'}"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

8. 测试执行准备¶

8.1 测试执行脚本¶

#!/bin/bash
# run_tests.sh

echo "开始执行接口自动化测试..."

# 创建报告目录
mkdir -p reports

# 执行测试
pytest tests/ \
  --html=reports/report.html \
  --self-contained-html \
  --alluredir=reports/allure-results \
  --cov=utils \
  --cov-report=html:reports/coverage

# 生成Allure报告
allure generate reports/allure-results -o reports/allure-report --clean

echo "测试执行完成！"
echo "HTML报告: reports/report.html"
echo "Allure报告: reports/allure-report/index.html"
echo "覆盖率报告: reports/coverage/index.html"

8.2 CI/CD配置¶

# .github/workflows/api-test.yml
name: API Tests

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main, develop ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3

    - name: Set up Python
      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
      with:
        python-version: '3.9'

    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        pip install -r requirements.txt

    - name: Run tests
      run: |
        pytest tests/ --html=reports/report.html --self-contained-html

    - name: Upload test results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: test-results
        path: reports/